PO 34. Describe advantages and limitations of the following fertilizer placement methods.

Band application is also known as starter application.  Fertilizer is applied in bands near where developing roots will easily reach it; either to the side and below the seed rows, slightly below the seeds, or in between rows.  A common practice is to band fertilizer 2 inches to the side and 2 inches deeper than the seeds or plants.  This provides the plants with a concentrated zone of nutrients and can improve nutrient use efficiency.  The process can be done before or simultaneous with planting or seed drilling.  Liquid or dry fertilizers can be used.

• Advantages: high nutrient use efficiency, jump-starts early growth.  Many fields are deficient in P, due to soil binding and cold temperatures.  Banding P makes it easier for plants to grow.  It also slows NH₄⁺ conversion to NO₃^- (nitrification), reducing the risk of leaching.
• Disadvantages: costly, slow; risk of salt burn to plants